2014年3月上外中口听力真题与解析
来源：网络 作者：迈思特英语
Spot dictation
Good afternoon, folks! Today’s topic is try joggingfor fitness. When we run for fitness, exercise andpleasure, it is commonly called jogging. Jogging hasbecome very popular in recent years. Thepopularity of jogging today stems from severalfactors. First, jogging is one of the most efficientforms of exercise. As a rule, a person jogging burnsup more calories per minute than in most othersports. Running, like biking, swimming, and briskwalking, is an aerobic exercise. Such an exerciseuses a great deal of oxygen. In addition, it increases the heart rate. Aerobic exercisestrengthens the heart muscle so that it pumps more efficiently. This kind of exercise is alsoone of the best ways to improve our general health and capacity of our lungs. Jogging is alsopopular because almost every oneof us can take part. Jogging is an activity that doesn’trequire any unusual skills or special coordination. Jogging is relaxing and fun. Finally, it can bedone alone, with another person or in a group. For anyone who runs more than 20 miles aweek, it is important to have good running shoes. Tennis shoes or sneakers won’t do. Runningproduces stress that is three times greater than the stress of walking. With this added stressto our feet and legs, we need good shoes. The shoes should be replaced when they are wornout or worn unevenly. Cold weather poses a few problems for us joggers. The main hazard inwinter-running is slipping on ice or snow. There is no danger of freezing our lungs, because ourbody warms the air before it reaches our lungs. In winter, we should be sure to cover the headand keep our feet as dry and warm as possible. It’s best to wear layers of clothing. In summer,we must be careful not to dry out. So it is important for us to drink plenty of water on hot,humid days. The best summer wear is loose-fitting and light-colored.
【解析】
本文属于一个小演讲类文章，主要围绕慢跑健身try jogging for fitness的话题展开，后面进一步详细分析了慢跑流行的三个原因，最后演讲者也对选择合适的跑鞋和分季节穿衣进行慢跑给出了相关建议。纵观全文，难度不大，文章选材(jogging)也很贴近生活，每个人都会经历的话题，考生理解起来相对较容易。文章的逻辑结构也很清晰，总说一个现象，然后具体分析原因。通篇基本没有生难词，抓住核心词jogging是理解本文的关键所在。
Statement：
1: I hope you won’t mind my mentioning that it’spast five o’clock and we’ve still got tomorrow morning to talk things over.
2: It’s a real scorching day today and the forecastersare saying that there is no ending side. It seemswe’d better stay indoors for the next few days.
3: Peter often has a lot of good ideas and starts toimplement them, but he rarely follows them throughto completion.
4: If you go to Europe, you’ll find that many citycenters have been turned into pedestrian precincts and the cars been almost banned.
5: Statistics show that lawyers are the most depressed of all professionals. Lawyers are alwaysacting on behalf of someone else. Suicide is among the leading causes of death among lawyers.
6: Although it may feel like it, a headache is most often not a pain in your brain. Your brainquickly tells you when other parts of your body hurt.
7: The Internet environment is not necessarily friendly for language learners, because theyhave to use their language appropriately in so many different real-life social situations.
8: More people live by themselves. And more women work. And more money is available.These are the reasons why one of every three American food dollars now goes to restaurantsor fast-food shops.
9: Just because someone has been your best friend since elementary school, it doesn’t meanhe or she will make a great roommate. Often living together can destroy even a close friendship.
10: Young mothers who sacrifice their jobs to care for small children often complain about theloneliness of their new lifestyles, since they have thus lost their form of adults’ socialinteraction.
【解析】
纵观十个statements，整体难度不大，主要还是和人们息息相关的工作、学习和生活内容，比如，Statement 1就是常用生活口语的典型例子;Statement 9主要讲朋友友谊话题;Statement 10陈述年轻妈妈的生活等。但该部分仍需特别注意一些难词或短语，比如scorching，pedestrianprecincts，sacrifice等，理解了这些生难单词对把握整个statement的意思是大有裨益的，建议考生平时多积累常用单词或表达。
Sentence Translation
1. According to some research, men visit the doctorless frequently over their life times than women. Andthey have a shorter life expectancy.
研究表明，和女性相比，男性一生中看医生的次数较少，所以他们的寿命也较短。
2. This is the age of more. We have more choice,more consumption, more fun, more competitionand more anxiety. We have entered a world ofexcess and age of over abundance.
这是一个什么都变得更多的时代。我们有更多的选择，更多消耗，更多乐趣，更激烈的竞争和更多的焦虑。我们进入了一个“超额”的世界和“过量”的时代。
3. Television has been called a source of information, a means of entertainment, and isespecially by its severest critics, a plug-in and an electronic drug.
电视被认为是一种信息源，一种娱乐方式，也被最严厉的批评家认为是一个插座和电子毒药。
4. Nearly half of the houses in Britain are owned by the people who live in them. About 1/3 areowned by the local authorities and the rest are rented from private owners.
在英国，几乎一半的房子由房屋所有者居住，大约1/3由当地政府居住，其余的由私人房主出租。
5. We live longer lives now. In fact, by 2036, it is estimated that older people 65 years and olderwill account for 1/5 of the population.
如今，我们寿命更长。事实是，预计到2036年，达到并超过65岁的老人会占到总人口的1/5。
Talks and Conversations 1
Questions 11 to 14 are based on the followingconversation.
W: Jack, where is the memorandum?
M: Which memorandum?
W: The one from the executive vice president’soffice.
M: I didn’t see it. When did it come in?
W: Yesterday afternoon. Just before five o’clock. Ijust glanced at it, and then I put it down.
M: Where did you put it?
W: I remember putting it in one of the file folders. But I forget which file folder it was.
M: What’s the subject of the memo?
W: It’s about changes in the accounting procedures.
M: That sounds important. Who else got a copy of it?
W: I think Mrs. Carter in the accounting office got copies.
M: Shall I go and ask her?
W: Yes, that’s a good idea.
Q11. What is the woman looking for?
Q12. According to the woman, who send the memorandum?
Q13. Why does Jack say that the memorandum is important?
Q14. What will Jack probably do after the conversation?
【评析】本段对话围绕一个备忘录(memorandum)展开，以两人对话的形式说明该备忘录的来源、重要性以及寻找方法等。本题考查考生对细节信息的理解和把握，以及对言外信息的推理能力。
Talks and Conversations 2
Questions 15 - 18 are based on the following talk.
I am an American student learning Chinese in Shanghai. During my study here, my classmatesand I often travel around, sometimes beyond the country. Last year, we went to Australia as wewere invited by our Australian friends we made here at the university. In Sydney, it seems thatbirds are the closest friends of human beings outside the cats and dogs. Especially during thesummer season, you may encounter a variety of birds. In a local park where my friends and Ibarbecued, we enjoyed company of sacred ibis — the white bodied, black headed large birdswith a long slightly crooked beak. They would stay very close to us or other barbecuers,waiting for any food that might be tossed toward them. When we walk in streets, white parrotsor colorful parrokets often fly above our heads from one tree branch to the other. Veryfrequently you may hear a baby or babies crying somewhere. The cry in fact came fromoverhead when I first looked around for a crying baby. The sound was made by black crows.You may also see white spotted crows in the street looking for food. If they are truly crows,then the Chinese saying "All the crows in the world are black" has an exception in Australia.
Q15. What is the speaker doing in Shanghai?
Q16. According to the talk, which of the following are not the closest friends of human beings?
Q17. For what reason do the birds come very close to people who are having barbecues?
Q18. What bird would make the sound of a crying baby?
【评析】本题考查考生对细节信息的理解和把握，并以一位在上海学习中文的美国留学生自述的方式，描述澳大利亚种类繁多而又奇特的鸟类以及鸟类与人类和谐共处的情景。
Talks and Conversations 3
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the following conversation.
M: What subjects are you taking this semester?
W: I’m taking introductory calculus, freshman composition, western civilization and physics.
M: That’s quite a load.
W: Yes, I know it’s going to be a lot of work, but it should be an interesting semester. And I’mnot going to have to work this term, because I manage to save quite a bit of money from mysummer job at a cannery, so I should have enough time for studying.
M: That’s good. I’m going to have to work 20 hours a week at the library.
W: What do you do there? Do you like it?
M: I shelve books on the third floor. Sometimes it gets monotonous, but the pay isn’t bad,and I can arrange my hours to suit my class schedule.
W: What are you taking this semester?
M: French, biology and accounting. I like the French and biology instructors, but the accountingprofessor is very dry and boring.
W: Do you have Professor Stilwell? I have heard he’s terrible.
M: Yes, do you know of anybody who’s better?
W: My friend Antonio took accounting with Professor Ackins last spring. He said that she waswonderful, knew her subject well and had a great sense of humor. She kept the classes institches the whole semester, but she covered all the material thoroughly.
M: I will have to check to see if she is teaching this semester. If she is, I will try to transferinto her class.
Q19: Which of the following subjects is the woman not taking this semester?
Q20: What does the man think of Professor Stilwell?
Q21: Why does the man like his job?
Q22: What does the man decide to do at last?
【评析】本篇对话中两位同学交流了彼此的选课、工作和任课教授等方面的情况。题目重点考察对对话中细节的把握，难度不大，但一定要仔细谨慎。如19题中就需要记下该同学选过的课程，否则任何遗漏都可能会导致错选。
Talks and Conversations 4
Questions 23—26 are based on the following conversation.
In many countries, exchanging business cards is an important ritual. In Japan, especially, giveand receive cards with care, use two hands and study the card carefully, rather than taking itone-handedly and stuffing it in a pocket. Asian business experts suggest that you observe thecard carefully, indicate with a nod that you have understood it. And in general, treat the cardwith the respect you would give its owner. One US businessman lost a business deal in Japan,because his inattention to the Japanese businessman’s cards was taken as a measure of thelack of attention he would give to their business. In China and Japan, a small exchange of well-wrapped gifts, such as pens or paperweights, is expected at first encounters. In Arab countriesand western European countries, gifts are not exchanged initially. Avoid gifts in sets of four inJapan, as the spoken number four has the same sound as the word for death. In China, clocksrepresent a similar bad fate and should not be given as gifts. In a Hindu nation like India, wherecows are sacred, avoid gifts of leather. In Arab countries, gifts for a businessmen’s wifewould be inappropriate. But if you are visiting a home in Latin America or Europe, a gift for thefamily or children is appreciated. Regional gifts, specialties of your area often make special giftsabroad. Amish handicrafts from Pennsylvania, maple syrup from Vermont, native Americanportrait from the south west.
23. According to the talk, what is the correct way of taking and receiving a business card inJapan?
24. According to the talk, why was the US business person not successful in the business dealin Japan?
25. In which country should gifts of leather be avoided?
26. Which of the following is not mentioned as a special gift in a foreign country?
【评析】这篇文章是关于名片与送礼礼仪的。虽然在文章的最后部分，出现了很多陌生地名与专有名词，但并不影响同学们对整篇文章大意的理解。同学们只要在考试时把握好日本，中国，印度这些国家在送礼、递名片方面分别有哪些礼节或禁忌便不难得出正确答案。
Talks and Conversations 5
Questions 27—30 are based on the following conversation.
M: Jane, I’ve got to use your advice.
W: What’s up, Bob?
M: OK, listen! I’ve decided to apply for that job I was telling you about. The one I saw in TheSunday Times. You remember?
W: Yes, I remember, Johnson was in it. What was it?A chemical company?
M: No, light engineering.
W: Oh, yes, of course, light engineering. I remember now. And it was for a manager, wasn’t it?
M: Yes, personnel manager.
W: Very nice, too. Do you feel optimistic about it?
M: Well, I wouldn’t say I exactly feel optimistic but at least my training and experience haveput me in with a chance. So perhaps, could I say I feel reasonably optimistic about getting surelisted? But the interview, that’s different.
W: Why for goodness sake? You are not scared at interviews, are you?
M: No, I’m not scared of them. But I don’t feel at my best in interviews. Not when I am on thereceiving end, I suppose at Yorkshire Engineering I spend so much of my time interviewingother people that I feel off balance when I’m in the hot sea myself. I’m afraid of be caughtunprepared.
W: Oh, I shouldn’t worry too much about it if I were you. As you say, the job’s absolutelymade for you. I shouldn’t think they’ll get many applicants with your qualifications. What’s thepay like incidentally?
M: Oh, the pay’s good, nearly twice what I’m getting now. But then it is in London.
W: What’s the money the main reason for applying?
M: One of the reasons. Probably not the main reason.
W: What was that thing?
M: Well, I like working at Yorkshire Engineering. But I’d like more scope for putting a few ideasin the practice. You know, old Sam is all right and he’s…
W: Who’s Sam? Is he your boss?
M: Yes, he’s the personnel manager and he’s very understanding, pleasant to work for and allthat. But he’s very slow to respond to new ideas. I mean, you got to move with the timesthese days or you're soon left behind.
W: Good for you. I’ll keep my fingers crossed for you.
M: Thanks, I’ll need it.
27. What job is the man applying for?
28. Where is the man working now?
29. Which of the following is not the true about old Sam, the man’s boss?
30. According to the man, what is the main reason for his applying for the job?
【评析】这是一段关于求职的对话。语速较快，有较多连读和略读，对大家的听力理解会有一定的影响。但只要抓住对话的核心内容并作好相应笔记，如职位名称，工作地点，求职原因，男士对自己表现的评价等，就能很好地屏蔽语速对我们造成的负面作用，把握文章大意。
Passage Translation
Spending your vacation in a foreign country ishorrible. First, you have to start early and becomeincreasingly anxious with each passing day. Wheneverything is OK and you really set off，you may findyourself in a car for hours. It is hot and you’rethirsty. And finally when you arrive at yourdestination, you’re in a strange place with strangepeople around. You’re confused and lost. You maybe a little curious or a little excited, but as a matterof fact, very, very tired.
【参考译文】
国外度假可不是什么美事。首先，你不得不早早准备起 来，同时焦虑感与日俱增。等一切搞定、真正出发时，路途又得耗上好几个小时。又热又渴的你，最终总算到了目的地，可身处异乡，周围全是陌生人，你又困惑又迷茫，也可能有那么一点儿好奇与兴奋，事实是，你已经筋疲力尽了。
【点评】
本篇短文指出了去国外旅行的一些不便之处。文章以口头语为主，较为简单。在翻译过程中，需要注意的是，英语口头语中大量的you，应灵活处理。不一定处处都要把这一人称代词翻进来，使得整个语段生硬。
Passage Translation 2
If your great grandparents were born in a rich country in the early 1900s, their lifespan wouldhave been about 50. Today people in developed countries have a life expectancy of 80 or more.This is because the improvements of public health, such as running water and flushing toiletsand then medical care. But these improvements have mostly benefited richer nations. There arestill places in the world that don’t have clean water, enough food and enough doctors. Sopeople there often suffer from famine and disease.
【参考译文】
如果你的祖父母出生于1900年代早期的富裕国家，他们的寿命可能是50来岁。现今在发达国家，人的平均寿命可达80岁甚至以上。这是由于自来水、冲水 马桶以及医疗等公共卫生条件的改善。但这些改善大多惠及富裕国家。世界上仍有许多地方没有干净的水、足够的食物和医生。因此，那里的人们经常被饥饿和疾病折磨。
【点评】
本篇短文属于社会生活类。谈到了公共卫生与人的寿命之间的关系。其中有几处约定俗成的翻译，需要注意：life expectancy(寿命)，running water(自来水)，flushing toilets(冲水马桶、抽水马桶)，medical care(医疗)。虽然结合日常生活经验，文章内容考生较为熟悉，但可能由于缺乏相关词汇的积累而译成文字的表面意思。这就再次提醒大家，口译需要准备时处处做个有心人，记录一切遇到的常用表达。
Passage Translation
原文：
国际金融危机爆以来，国际组织和各国政府、企业界和专家学者都在深刻反思，探究危机产 生的原因，寻求世界经济和各国经济未来发展之路。对中国经济发展的成就，有喝彩的，也有怀疑的;对中国经济的未来，有看好的，也有唱衰的。对此，我们的头 脑是清醒的，胸中是有数的，信心是坚定的。
我们坚持用改革的办法破解发展难题，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制。我们全面推进社会事业发展，覆盖城乡的社会保障体系初步形成，使“学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居”的理想逐步变成现实。
参考译文：
Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, profound reflection has multipliedamong international organizations, governments, business communities and the academia as amethod for exploring causes of the crisis and ways for global and national economy. China’seconomic achievement has arisen both cheers and boos, so does its future prospect.However, in this regard, we are clear in mind with thoughtful plans and firm confidence.
We will adhere to the reforms in addressing problems relating to the development andcontinuously perfect the economic system in the socialist market. We will propel the thrive ofsocial undertakings and preliminarily form the social security system covering urban andrural areas so as to gradually achieve the aim that students have access to education,employees to pay, patients to medical treatments, elders to good care and residents tohousing.
【评析】
文本节选自第五届夏季达沃斯论坛中温家宝出席开幕式时的演讲。此次演讲中，他清楚表明了关于中国未来发展的立场、政策，并传达了中国希冀与世界共同繁荣的美好愿景。
原文表述通俗易懂，语言具有中国特色。在翻译时应当抓住句子的本质内涵，切忌按部就班、字字对译。对于“学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居”这类表述，应当做到清楚明了，句式符合英文语法。此外，考生还应注意译文与原文文风保持一致。
原文：
In the near future, professors will run their coursesover digital platforms capable of collecting data oneach student’s progress. These platforms wereinitially developed for massive open online courses.However, universities are now folding theseplatforms back into their traditional classes becausethey make it easier to share content, hostdiscussions and keep track of student work.
Soon, they will be able to monitor which students arespending 15 minutes on a calculus problem andwhich ones slog away for an hour. This can raise red flags for professors about who might needextra help.
As more classes move partially or entirely online, the requirements of having a uniform startand end date diminish. It means some students could sail through a semester’s worth ofclasses in a few weeks and then start again with new courses.
It used to be that getting accepted to a prestigious university was how you accessed the bestprofessors and could hang out with the smartest students. That’s because universities were,for the most part, closed information systems that doled out their content to a select few.That’s changing.
参考译文：
在不久的将来，教授们将会使用一种能够收集每位学生的学习进度数据的数字平台来授课。最初开发这些平台是为了服务于海量的在线公开课程。然而，由于这些平台能够更加便捷地分享教学内容、开展课程讨论并同步学生学业进度，现如今各大高校都转而将其应用到传统课堂中。
很快，这些平台将能够监测哪些学生在某个微积分问题上仅花费了15分钟，而哪些却苦干了一个小时。红旗标识将会被标出，以便教授们了解哪些学生需要额外帮助。
随着更多的课程被部分或全部搬到网上，学校不再需要统一的课程起止时间。这就意味着有些学生可以在几周内完成整个学期的课程，然后再投入新课程的学习。
过去，要想在一所著名大学里有所发展，就要了解如何结识最出色的教授以及结交最聪明的学生。那是因为，大多数情况下，大学都曾是封闭的信息系统，只对少数出类拔萃的群体开放其教学内容。但这些都在改变。
【评析】
1、However, universities are now folding these platforms back into their traditional classesbecause they make it easier to share content, host discussions and keep track of studentwork.
解析：fold back 在这里体现出数字平台最初开发为了服务在线教学，但高校如今将它的应用回归到传统教学中。为了译出back的意思，使用“转而”比较贴切。
share content, host discussions, keep track of student work在结构和内容上并行，因此在保留原文动宾结构的情况下，利用增译法将三个名词分别译为“教学内容”、“课程讨论”和“学业进度”，在内容上也相互呼应。
参考译文：然而，由于这些平台能够更加便捷地分享教学内容、开展课程讨论并同步学生学业进度，现如今各大高校都转而将其应用到传统课堂中。
2、Soon, they will be able to monitor which students are spending 15 minutes on a calculusproblem and which ones slog away for an hour.
解析：原文中花费15分钟和苦干一小时形成对比，因此翻译时需要体现此对比关系。
参考译文：很快，这些平台将能够监测哪些学生在某个微积分问题上仅花费了15分钟，而哪些却苦干了一个小时。
3、It used to be that getting accepted to a prestigious university was how you accessed thebest professors and could hang out with the smartest students.
解析：getting accepted to不要直译为“为......所接受”，否则太过生硬。access意为“接近，使用”，hangout 意为“与......出去玩”，此处根据上下文意思，译为“结识”和“结交”更加恰当。
参考译文：过去，要想在一所著名大学里有所发展，就要了解如何结识最出色的教授以及结交最聪明的学生。
