A：我看到一所学校门口聚集了很多的人，还有警察在维持秩序，很多焦急的家长在等待，发生了什么事？

C：这是中国的高考，就是每年六月份在全国范围内举行的大型考试。

A：我听说过这个考试。在美国，我们也有类似的考试，不过我们可以至少考两次，而且可以用最好的成绩去申请大学。但是，中国的高考好像很有竞争性。

C：是的，高考竞争性非常大。对有高中生的家庭来说，高考是一件非常重要的事，全家都会为此准备。他们甚至在考试前一天就到考场附近租旅馆住。我听说中国南方有一所非常有名的高中叫毛坦厂中学，有中国高考工厂之称，里面有很多去年落榜的复习生。

虽然高考非常具有竞争性，但在中国，无论你身份、地位如何，是否有钱，高考都非常重要。对中国千百万人的年轻人来说，高考是进入大学最公平的途径。

爱尔兰因位置得天独厚，位于欧洲大陆边缘，距离欧洲大陆较远，爱尔兰的风没有受到工业化的欧洲大陆的影响，因此拥有清洁的水源和空气。爱尔兰牧场的理念是动物与自然和谐相处，奶农们都严格遵守生产流程和品质规定，非常看重爱尔兰奶制品已经取得的好名声。

最近，中国官方派遣代表团视察爱尔兰的乳制品工厂，给了很高的评价。中国国内立刻掀起了对爱尔兰乳制品的追求狂潮，尤其是中国新生父母，他们对婴儿奶粉需求很大。爱尔兰乳制品品质高，安全性好，中国成爱尔兰第二大乳制品出口市场。

近些年来，很多中国公司对爱尔兰进行了投资，投资数额有很大变化（具体的数字，两年的对比没记太清楚）。他们主要投资两个领域：一是信息通信技术(ICT)领域，全球前10的信息和通信技术公司有9家在爱尔兰投资，因此吸引了大量的中国投资者。另一方面是金融业，中国希望能与爱尔兰方面在金融领域深化合作。

我非常荣幸能够参加此次联合国人权理事会社会论坛。来到这里与大家进行交流，我感到特别有意义。中国有8500万残疾人，对于残疾人的人权保障，我有很多想法与大家分享。

我是一个残疾人，5岁时丧失了行走能力，一直没能站起来。但是我下定决心要自学成才，我学会了很多东西，后来我又得到了一份工作，这些都要得益于当时的国内环境和社会支持。

因为那时的“国际残疾人年”促进了人们对残疾人的认知。中国邮局还发行了国际残疾人年的特种邮票。

2008年至今，我一直担任中国残疾人联合会的主席，期间也做了很多重要工作，我去过中国的很多乡村和城市，对残疾人的生活状况进行了调查。2015年，我和同事们开展了一项大的收据收集项目，收集了2600万中国残疾人的数据，为中国政府提供了建议，这些数据有利于政府的政策制定和相关研究。

亚洲国家经济增长

Ladies and gentlemen, today there are more than 95% of the Asian countries that are middle income countries, compared to less than 10% twenty years ago. Such drastic change is due to the rapid economic growth of China, India, Indonesia and other Asian countries. Now the challenge faced by Asia, a region that is largely middle-income countries is how to transition into high income economies. The experience of other developing nations for the past 50 years has shown that, such transition is not easy. Brazil and Columbia have remained at the middle income status for decades and never moved up further. At the same time, Singapore has transitioned from the middle income level to high income level in only 25 years has also shown that this can be done.

Investment in infrastructure is key to countries to follow through this transition. However, countries have to step up their efforts in productivity promotion, meaning that it has to make sure the good use of input instead of only focusing the amount of input. For the past 10 years productivity growth accounted for 30% of economic growth. Innovation is what needs to be promoted together with high-quality infrastructure as well as human capital. Innovation is getting more and more important as a country develops its economy. It helps with creating new products and more values in products, in turn will even further economic development and increase wage level.

Higher quality of human capital means more skilled and more knowledgeable work force, which is the foundation of any economy. Enhancing the quality of human capital is going to boost growth and equity. A recent study has shown that 20% increase in human capital investment will lead to 3% of productivity growth and narrowing the income gap by 4%. Workers in middle income countries have an average of six years of schooling. That is why countries need to close such gap compared to 10 years of average schooling in high income countries. Quality of education is even more crucial. In math and science subjects 15 year old students in high income countries are doing much better than those in middle income countries. Students with strong abilities in reading writing and problem-solving are more likely to become the future innovators. Survey also shows a direct relation between investments made in education and growth in GDP.

Different countries prioritize different infrastructure. Low income countries often need to meet the basic needs such as water supply public health and transportation. Once countries develop even further, they need to focus on electricity and IT infrastructure. It is a key driver to innovation because it helps create and spread knowledge. Middle income countries with more Internet users are more innovative than those without the internet. Increasing investment in IT is going to boost innovation and productivity.

To encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, countries have to step up efforts in intellectual property protection as well as the rule of law, increased financing and created equal policies to boost competition. According to estimation, about US$26 trillion will be spent from 2016 to 2030 on infrastructure investment, in order to lower the impact of climate change. To meet this need, Asian countries need to carry out tax reform, change their economic structure and borrow prudently. But they tend to face a funding shortage anyway. That is why Asian countries have to attract more private investment and build a better investment environment working with private investors and offer a higher return. To conclude, I believe Asian countries have come so far so quickly, The promotion of human capital to achieve sustained growth can be done. That is going to be the natural next step for us. 

人工智能发展趋势

Today I would like to talk about technology and where technology is going. The major trend for technology is that it is getting smarter and smarter, which I call artificial intelligence, AI. The use of AI includes robots that are going to undertake a lot of the tasks that human used to do. It is going to redefine jobs and create more tasks that we had no idea exist. This is going to bring drastic changes to society for the next 20 years.

Of course we already have AI right now and they are working at the background AIs have eyes in the hospital diagnosing X-rays better than human doctors. AIs have eyes at the back offices of law firms processing legal evidence better than human lawyers. For pilots they only work for 7 to 8 minutes when flying a plane because AI is doing the rest of the work. We also have Amazon and Alibaba that provide smart recommendations with AIs at the back offices. AlphaGo also defeated the world’s Go champion. When we play video games we are playing against AIs. Now what Google is doing is trying to teach AIs how to play video games. And with such learning mechanisms, AI was getting smarter and smarter.

There are two aspects that is not truly appreciated by humans. The first is that humans do not really understand the concept of intelligence. Humans tend to have the single dimensional understanding, thinking that IQ is the only way of showing intelligence. For example a rat is the least smart, a monkey is better. Then an average person such as me as smarter than a monkey but not smarter than a genius. Such understanding of intelligence is completely wrong. Human intelligence is like a symphony, in fact, it’s like different instruments playing together.

Secondly, AI was the technology leading the second industrial revolution. First industrial revolution relied on artificial force.  Before the agricultural revolution, all work was done by human muscle or animal force. It is extremely important that during the first agriculture revolution we utilized steam and fossil fuels to power productivity. That is why when we drive a car today it is using the force of 250 horses, that is, 250 horse power. Artificial force is what helps us to build sky scrapers and produce massive products in factories that cannot be done by humans.

Artificial forces can also go through wires and grid, Connecting homes, factories, and farmlands, that is offered to everyone to buy. And the smartness of artificial intelligence is multiplied by 1 million times powers the Second Industrial Revolution. That is why the cars on the highway with 250 horsepower is going to be automated in the future. And AI will be developed, just as electricity to the grid, on the cloud. 

中国新四大发明

2000年前，中国发明了指南针、火药、造纸术、以及印刷术，这四大发明推动了人类文明的进步。自改革开放以来，世界也在见证着中国的高速发展和变化，并出现了新的四大发明——高铁、手机支付、共享单车以及网上购物。

中国的高铁正处于世界的领先地位，中国仅用了10年的时间，高铁网络便已覆盖全国，横跨长度达2.2万公里，占世界高铁总长度的65%。从首都北京到最大的都市上海，高铁长达1300公里，时速350公里，票价仅仅相当于70欧元，这深刻的改变了中国人们的出行方式。

在中国，不论身处何方，都可以运用手机进行支付，给人们的生活带来了巨大的便利。无论是打车、购物还是看电影，都可以用手机支付。目前，中国已经有四亿人口在使用手机支付，交易金额高达5.5万亿元。中国已经逐渐进入了无现金社会，并且在技术处于世界各国当中的最先进水平。

近几年来，共享单车发展迅猛。无论是大小城市任何角落，你都可以看到共享单车的身影。可以在任意地点使用，并在任意地点归还。只要下载手机客户端，就可以解锁单车，并且可以用手机进行支付。共享单车的出现有更好的促进人们健康出行。

网上购物你改变了人们的购物方式。如今在中国有5亿人口在网上进行购物，贸易量达27万亿，占全球电商贸易额的40%。购买的商品将会在当天或者是第二天送达。网上购物的兴起刺激了消费，成为了中国经济发展的主要动力之一。中国为什么会出现新的四大发明呢？答案很简单，就是创新。中国政府正在大力鼓励企业创新，给予多方面的支持。过几年各位再一次来到中国的时候，我相信一定会看到中国的更多发明。

新型全球化

对我而言，当今的全球化面临着一个突出的问题，那就是包容性不足。在某些地区，自由贸易不仅具有歧视性，同时还具有排他性。现在我们必须要建立起开放包容的制度安排中国的一带一路倡议，恰恰就是为这一问题贡献中国智慧和中国力量，以此来更好地推动各国共同发展。

新型全球化旨在促进创新，并适应创新。全球经济依赖工业革命和数字经济的发展，因此各个国家应注重对技术革命方面的培训。在发展中更好的提供支持援助以及技术转让，帮助贫困国家更好的缩小技术鸿沟。

绿色经济是新型全球化必不可少的条件。过去的100年来，有工业革命造成的环境污染，导致绝大部分发展中国家所面临的环境压力不断升级。环境是发展的基础，没有良好的环境，经济也无法得以繁荣。然而发展也是环境保护的前提条件，只有经济发展社会进步了才能更有效的保护环境。

新型全球化必须要建立在可持续框架的前提之下，各国发展必须要均衡考虑经济发展、减少贫困与环境保护，推动绿色经济发展，达到经济与环境双赢。

那么如何实现人们所期待的新型全球化呢？不同的人肯定有不同的答案。但是有一个条件是肯定的，那就是我们必须要反对保护主义和孤立主义，实现开发包容。无论是大国还是小国啊，大型跨国企业还是中小型企业，都应该加入进来，共享新型全球化的益处。